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bias controllers - chip 1 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent general description functional diagram features t ypical applications h mc980 is an active bias controller that can automatically adjust the gate voltage of an external amplifer to achieve constant bias current. with an integrated controller, h mc980 achieves safe power on/ off, disable/enable and automatic supply sequencing ensuring the safety of the external amplifer. i t can be used to bias any enhancement and depletion type amplifer operating in class- a regime with drain voltages (vd rain ) from 5v to 16.5v and drain currents ( i d rain ) up to 1.6 a , offering a complete biasing solution. h mc980 achieves excellent bias stability over supply, temperature and process variations, and eliminates the required calibration procedures usually employed to prevent r f performance degradation due to such variations. a ll data shown herein is taken with appropriate probes. ? microwave r adio & v sat ? military & s pace ? t est i nstrumentation ? fiber o ptic modulator driver biasing ? c at v l aser driver biasing ? cellular base s tation ? wireless i nfrastructure e quipment ? a utomatic gate voltage adjustment ( n o calibra - tion required) ? s upply voltage (5v to 16.5v) ? bias both e nhancement or depletion type devices ? a djustable drain current up to 1.6 a ? s ink or source gate current ? i nternal negative voltage generation ? can be disabled to use external negative rail ? fast e nable/disable ? t rigger-out o utput for daisy chain ? p ower-up and p ower-down s equencing ? o ver/under current a larm with built-in hystresis ? die s ize: 1.4 x 2.26 x 0.25mm for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 2 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent e lectrical s pecifcations, t a = +25 c , v dd=12 v , v d i g= 3.3 v , depletion master unless otherwise noted p arameter s ymbol conditions min. t y p. max. units s upply voltage vdd 5 16.5 v vdd quiescent current i dd vdd = 5v en = vd i g 19 ma en = g n d 7. 5 ma vdd = 12v en = vd i g 20 ma en = g n d 9 ma vdi g quiescent current id i g vdi g= 3.3 v 3.5 ma vdi g= 5 v 6.5 ma charge p ump o scillator frequency f os c 300 khz voltage r eference v re f 1.44 v almtrig input t hreshold al m tri g vinlow 1 v vinhigh 1.4 v e nable input t hreshold enthrs vinlow 1 v vinhigh 1. 4 v s0, s1 input t hreshold sw thrs vinlow 1 v vinhigh 1. 4 v vdrain characteristics d rain current a djustment r ange i d rain s 1= s 0=g nd 0.05 0.3 a s 1=g n d, s 0=vd i g 0.3 0.6 a s 1=vd i g, s 0=g nd 0.6 1.2 a s 1=vd i g, s 0=vd i g 1.2 1. 6 a d rain current change o ver digital voltage i d rain v vd rain set to 12v, i d rain set to 400 m a 0.4 %/v d rain current change o ver t emperature 0.023 %/c d rain r ange vd rain 5 16.5 v vd rain change o ver t emperature vd rain vd rain set to 12v, i d rain set to 400 m a 0.02 %/c vneg characteristics n egative voltage o utput v ne g -2.46 v v ne g current s ink ine g 0 60 ma vgate characteristics g ate current s upply ig -4 4 ma vg ate l ow l evel vg_m in v ne g v vg ate h igh l evel vg_m ax v ne g+4.5 v vg2 characteristics vg2 current s upply i g2 vg2<2v - 0.1 0.1 ma 6v>vg2>2v -1 1 ma vg2>6v -5 5 ma vg2 a djustment r ange vg2 1 vdd-1.3 v vdig characteristics a djustment r ange vd i g 3.3 5 v vd i g quiescent current id i g vdd= 12v, vd i g= en =3.3 v 3.5 ma sw characteristics i nternal s witch r esistance r ds _ on s 1= s 0=g nd 2.8 o hm s 1=g n d, s 0=vd i g 1.55 o hm s 1=vd i g, s 0=g nd 0.85 o hm s 1=vd i g, s 0=vd i g 0.7 o hm for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 3 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent bias c urrent accuracy [2] power up waveform bias c urrent accuracy [1] 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 405 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 +25 c +85 c -55 c idrain (ma) vdig (v) idrain is set to: 388ma 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 5 +25 c +85 c -55 c idrain (ma) vdig (v) idrain is set to: 1409ma e nable waveform s hutdown waveform -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 vdd(v) vdrain (v) vdig (v) vg2 (v) vneg (v) vgate (v) voltage (v) time (ms) -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 0123456 en(v) vdrain (v) vg2 (v) vneg (v) vgate (v) voltage (v) time (ms) disable waveform -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 45678910 en(v) vdrain (v) vg2 (v) vneg (v) vgate (v) voltage (v) time (ms) -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 vdd (v) vdrain (v) vdig(v) vg2 (v) vneg (v) vgate (v) voltage (v) time (ms) [1] h mc637 lp 5 is used as external amplifer [2] h mc591 lp 5 is used as external amplifer for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 4 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent l oad r egulation @ v dd=5 v , v d i g=3.3 v , s w0=g n d, s w1=g n d 2 3 4 5 6 50 100 150 200 250 300 +25c +85c -55c idrain (ma) vdrain (v) l oad r egulation @ v dd=5 v , v d i g=3.3 v , s w0=3.3 v , s w1=g n d 2 3 4 5 6 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 +25c +85c -55c idrain (ma) vdrain (v) l oad r egulation @ v dd=16.5 v , v di g=5.0 v , s w0=g n d, s w1= v dig 13 14 15 16 17 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 +25c +85c -55c idrain (ma) vdrain (v) l oad r egulation @ v dd=16.5 v , v di g=5.0 v , s w0= v di g, s w1= v dig -2.5 -2.4 -2.3 -2.2 -2.1 -2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 +25 c +85 c -55 c vneg (v) ineg (ma) vne g l oad r egulation @ v dd=5 v vne g l oad r egulation @ v dd=16.5 v -2.5 -2.4 -2.3 -2.2 -2.1 -2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 +25 c +85 c -55 c vneg (v) ineg (ma) 13 14 15 16 17 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 +25c +85c -55c idrain (ma) vdrain (v) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 5 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent vne g l oad t ransient v dd=5 v -2.6 -2.55 -2.5 -2.45 -2.4 -2.35 -2.3 -2.25 -2.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 012345678910 vneg (v) ineg (ma) time (ms) vne g l oad t ransient v dd=16.5 v -2.6 -2.55 -2.5 -2.45 -2.4 -2.35 -2.3 -2.25 -2.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 012345678910 vneg (v) ineg (ma) time (ms) v ga te l oad r egulation @ v dd=12 v [1] -1.5 -1.25 -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +25c +85c -55c ig (ma) vgate (v) idrain is set to : 388ma v g2 l oad r egulation @ v dd=12 v [1] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 vg2=0.97v vg2=1.81v vg2=3.73v vg2=6.68v ig2 (ma) vg2 (v) idrain is set to : 388ma -2.5 -2.48 -2.46 -2.44 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 +25c +85c -55c supply voltage (v) vneg (v) no load condition vne g l ine r egulation vs. s upply v oltage [1] h mc637 lp 5 is used as external amplifer for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 6 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent o utline drawing absolute maximum r atings vdd 18v s 0, s 1, en , al m, al m tr g, v re f, v ne gfb, vg ate fb, tri g_ o u t , isense , al m l , iset , al m h , f i x - b ias -0.5v to vd i g + 0.5v c p _vd d vdd-0.5v to vdd+0.5v c p _ ou t , vg2_c ont , vg2, vd rain -0.5v to vdd + 0.5v vd i g 5.5v v ne g -4v to g n d vg ate v ne g to g n d junction t emperature 125 c ele c trostati c sensiti v e de v ic e o b ser v e han d lin g pre c a u tions continuous p diss ( t = 85 c) (derate 94.79 mw/ c above 85 c) 3.8 watt t hermal r esistance ( r th ) (junction to package bottom) 10.6 c/w s torage t emperature -65 to +150 c o perating t emperature -55 to +85 c es d s ensitivity ( h bm) class 1 a n ote that there are two different voltage domains on h mc980; a high voltage domain vdd, and a low voltage domain vd i g. t ake necessary precautions not to violate a b s m a x ratings of each subdomains. notes : 1. all d i m ensions are in in c hes [mm] 2. d ie thi ck ness is .010 3. b on d pa d per ta b le 4. b on d pa d m etali z ation : al um in um 5. no b a ck si d e m etal 6. o v erall d ie si z e .002 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 7 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent pad descriptions p ad n umber function description i nterface s chematic 1,12,13, 20, 21, 35 g nd t hese pads and the die bottom must be connected to a high quality r f/dc ground. 2 al m o ver/under current alarm. p rovides an active high signal (vd i g) if the quiescent bias exceed the upper threshold or drops below the lower threshold. 19 trigout t rigger out signal. generates a high (3.3v) signal when the active bias system stabilizes. this signal can be used to trigger next device ( enable ) if more than one h mc980 is used in a daisy chain. 3 al m tr g dummy alarm trigger signal to create test alarm when taken hi g h (3.3v). defaults to lo w (g n d) when left foating. 4 en e nable pad. bias control loop is enabled when ven is hi g h (vd i g). i f left foating, ven defaults to hi g h (enabled). 5,6 s 1, s 0 control pads for internal switch resistance. i f left foat - ing, default to hi g h . r efer to t able-1 in a pplication n otes for recommended settings. 7,8,9,10,11 vdd bias supply p ad. connect supply voltage to this pad with appropriate fltering. 14 fi xb ias a high precision (e.g. 0.5%, 25 ppm t c r ) 10k resistor to ground is recommended for good bias accuracy. for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 8 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent pad descriptions (continued) p ad n umber function description i nterface s chematic 15 al m h a high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, 25 ppm t c r ) to is et pad is recommended for good bias accuracy. t he value of the resistor sets the threshold. i f alarm feature is not used al m h can be shorted to is et. 16 iset a high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, 25 ppm t c r ) between al m l and is et is recommended for good bias accuracy. t he total external resistance from is et pad to g n d should always be equal to 5 k ?. 17 al m l a high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, 25 ppm t c r ) to g n d is recommended for good bias accuracy. t he value of the resistor sets the threshold value for under current alarm. i f alarm feature is not used al m l can be shorted to is et. 18 isense drain current adjustment pad. t o adjust the bias current of the external amplifer connect a resistor ( r sense) from isense pad to g n d according to eqn(2) on page 13-15. a high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, 25 ppm t c r ) is recommended for good bias accuracy. for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 9 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent p ad n umber function description i nterface s chematic 22,23,24,25 26 vd rain drain voltage. s hould be connected to the supply termi - nal of the external amplifer. a minimum 10 nf capacitor has to be placed close to the external amplifer to improve load regulation. 27 vg ate gate control pad for external amplifer. connect to the gate (base) of the external amplifer. i n order to guar - antee stability, a 2.2f capacitor should be connected between the gate (base) terminal of the external ampli - fer and g n d as close to the amplifer as possible. 28 v ne g n egative input to the chip. s hould be supplied with c po u t when negative voltage generator is enabled, or connect to external v ss when negative voltage genera - tor is enabled. defaults to -2.5v. i f a value different than -2.5v required, please contact factory. 29 vg2 s econd gate control. 30 vg2_c ont control voltage of the second gate pad vg2. use a resistor divider between vdd and g n d to set the volt - age. vg2 is typically 1.3v lower than the vg2c ont . pad descriptions (continued) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 10 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent p ad n umber function description i nterface s chematic 31 vg ate fb control pad for vg ate fb. float vg ate fb when a depletion mode transistor is biased. s elects the mode of operation along with v ne gfb pad. 32 v ne gfb feedback (control) pad for n egative voltage genera - tor charge p ump. float to activate the negative voltage generator / s hort to g n d to disable the negative voltage generator. 33 v re f 1.44v reference voltage. 34 vd i g 3.3v-5v digital bias supply p ad. connect supply volt - age to this pad with appropriate fltering. 37 c p _o u t n egative voltage generator charge pump output. n ega - tive voltage generator requires a fying capacitor, a reservoir capacitor and two diodes to operate. 38 c p _vd d bias supply for negative voltage generator. connect supply voltage with appropriate fltering. c p _vdd supply voltage should be same as vdd. pad descriptions (continued) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 11 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent application c ircuit n otes: [1] a variable resistor is assembled on rsense slot to adjust bias current for evaluating various different amplifers without soldering. for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 12 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent application notes detailed description a ll amplifers require stable quiescent current to operate at their specifcations. many amplifers in the market require external biasing to achieve stable quiscent current. h mc980 is a fully integrated biasing solution for such amplifers. with an internal feedback, the automatic gate voltage control achieves constant quiescent bias through the amplifer under bias, independent of temperature and amplifer threshold variations. t he quiescent current is adjusted with a resistor connected externally. t he h mc980 employs an integrated control circuitry to manage safe power-up and power-down sequencing of the targeted amplifer. t he h mc980 can provide auto-bias solution to virtually any amplifer in the market (both enhancement and depletion type) with a quiescent current of up to 1.6 a and a supply voltage of up to 16.5v. t he h mc980 has an integrated negative voltage generator to create negative voltages required to drive depletion mode amplifers. i f an external negative supply is already available or an enhancement mode device is targeted, the negative voltage generator can be disabled. t he h mc980 achieves excellent bias stability over supply and temperature variations. t he gate control can both sink and source current (4 m a ) which is required to compensate for charging gate current of the amplifer over input power variations. t he h mc980 also generates a second gate voltage vg2. vg2 can be adjusted through a resistor divider connected to vdd for the amplifers which require second gate voltage. t he h mc980 ensures safety of the external amplifer during turn on/off by automatically adjusting the sequence of vd rain , vg ate and vg2 outputs. t he h mc980 has a built-in over-under current alarm feature. i f a fault conditions arises (either under or over current) an alarm signal is generated ( al m, active hi g h ). t he current alarm signal provided in h mc980 does not affect the operation of the controller. i t is included for monitoring purposes where a system level protection can be implemented with external control circuitry. t he h mc980 employs s 0, s 1 pads to control r d s _ on resistance of the internal switch between vdd and vd rain . r efer to the section under the s upply and drain voltage section for details. t he h mc980 has a built-in self protection feature to protect itself against short circuit conditions at the vd rain output. t he h mc980 has also a built-in v ne g fault protection feature to protect both itself and the amplifer under bias against short circuit conditions at the v ne g pad. digital power s upply ( v d i g) t he h mc980 requires an external low voltage bias rail (3.3v to 5.0v). vd i g powers the internal logic circuitry. vd i g draws and average of 3.5 m a from a 3.3v. vd i g can accept voltages up to 5.0v. s upply and drain v oltage ( v dd and v d r a in ) t he vdd supply to the h mc980 is directly connected to the vd rain output through an internal m os f et switch. t his internal m os f et is controlled through power-up sequencing which ensures that no voltage is applied to the drain of the external amplifer until the gate voltage is pulled down to v ne g (ensuring external amplifer is pinched-off). t he vd rain output of the h mc980 should be connected to the drain (collector) of the amplifer under bias for the active bias control feedback and power-up/down sequencing to operate properly. t here will be a voltage drop from vdd to vd rain due to fnite r d s _ on resistance of the internal switch. t o compensate for this voltage drop choose the vdd value as shown in equation (1). vdd = vd rain + i d rain x r d s _ on (1) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 13 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent where vd rain is the supply voltage of the external amplifer and i d rain is the desired constant bias current through the external amplifer. n ote that r d s _ on resistance of the internal f et switch can be adjusted through s 0, s 1 pads based on the d rain current requirement as shown in table-1. r d s _ on is typically equal to 0.7 o hm when s 0 and s 1 are pulled up to vd i g, and is typically equal to 2.8 o hm when s 0 and s 1 are pulled down to g n d. i f s 0 and s 1 pads are left foating, it is pulled up to vd i g through an internal weak pull-up. r ecommended settings for the s 0 and s 1 positions are given in t able-1. n ot using the h mc980 in the recommended settings may increase the power dissipation of the part and the part-to-part variation. table 1. recomended current range confguration n egative v oltage generator ( vne g o u t ) t he h mc980 has internal regulated charge pump circuitry to generate the negative voltage (v ne g o u t ) required for depletion mode devices. t he h mc980 generates -2.5v at the v ne g o u t output in default confguration. i t requires two diodes and two capacitors connected externally as shown in the sample application schematics. i t can be dis - abled through the vg ate fb and v ne gfb pads, if an enhancement device is targeted or a negative supply is already available in the system. i n this confguration, simply connect the available negative supply to the v ne g pad. s ee t able-2 for the operation mode selection. t he h mc980 is designed to reject the ripple on the v ne g o u t pad by iso - lating v ne g o u t from the vg ate . t hus, switching noise of the charge-pump is effectively isolated from the external amplifer. e nable/disable ( en ) t he active bias control loop is enabled when en is pulled up to vd i g, and it is disabled when it is pulled down to g n d. i f en is left foating h mc980 is enabled through an internal weak pull-up. n ote that v ne g operation is independent of en condition. en signal controls the operation of only vg ate , vg2 and vd rain outputs. when en pulled down to g n d, the h mc980 discharges vd rain and vg2 down to g n d and it pulls the vg ate down to v ne g. when en pulled high to vd i g, h m980 enables, vd rain and vg2, and enables the bias control loop to automatically adjust the vg ate voltage. p lease see the a ctive bias control l oop section for detailed explanation and refer to the e nable and disable waveforms for transient characteristics. active bias c ontrol l oop t he h mc980 regulates the bias current ( i d rain ) of the amplifer under bias through vg ate output connected to the gate of the external amplifer. i n this closed loop operation the current passing through the amplifer under bias is sampled and is used to automatically adjust vg ate to achieve constant quiescent bias through the external amplifer. t he h mc980 continuously adjusts vg ate voltage to achieve constant d rain current over any supply, tempera - ture, process variations and threshold drifts due to aging. t he part-to-part, temperature, and supply variation of the h mc980 is excellent. t hus, by using an accurate sense resistor connected to the isense pad, expensive calibration procedures in high volume production could be avoided. t he gate control of the h mc980 is designed to both sink and source current in to the gate of the targeted amplifer (at least 4 m a ). t his unique feature is important to achieve nearly constant quiescent bias through the amplifer under varying gate current at different input power values. current range (a) condition rd_on value (ohm) 0.05 to 0.3 s 1= s 0=g nd 2.8 0.3 to 0.6 s 1=g n d, s 0=vd i g 1.55 0.6 to 1.2 s1=vdig, s0=gnd 0.85 1.2 to 1.6 s 1=vd i g, s 0=vd i g 0.7 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 14 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent t he bias current passing through the external amplifer can be adjusted with rsense , where rsense is the r 10 connected from isense to g n d. use the relation given in equation (2) to set the desired bias current through the external amplifer. i d rain =150/ r sense ( a ) (2) v g2 v oltage adjustment t he h mc980 generates a second gate voltage (vg2). vg2 can be adjusted through a resistor divider connected to vg2_c ont for the amplifers which require second gate voltage. e qn. (3) gives the formula to adjust vg2 : vg2(v)= vdd*r 4/( r 3+ r 4) - 1.3 (3) for instance, choosing 5.1k o hm as r 3 and 3.3k o hm as r 4 sets vg2 voltage to 3.4v when vdd=12v. for improved accuracy, choose resistor values below 5k o hm on r 3. s elf protection feature due to the small resistance of the internal switch f et between vdd and vd rain , a large amount of current may fow through the h mc980. h mc980 limits the maximum current to self protect itself under such fault conditions, by turning off vd rain and vg ate . t he h mc980 will remain in this protection mode until a full power-cycle or enable/disable cycle is applied. vne g fault detection feature i n depletion mode operation v ne g is continuously monitored against short circuit fault to g n d. i f v ne g rises above a preset value (typically -0.6v) the system and the external amplifer are disabled by pulling vd rain and vg2 to g n d and vg ate to v ne g. t he system will stay in this stand-by mode until short fault at v ne g is fxed. o ver/under c urrent alarm t he h mc980 provides over and under current alarm indicator al m (pad#2) signal. t he al m is pulled up to vd i g when the i d rain current exceeds 6% (with the given r 11, r 12, and r 13 values in application circuit) of i d rain regulation target value as shown in figure 1. t he alarm threshold level is user adjustable through r 11, r 12, and r 13 according to the following equations: o ver current al m t hreshold = i octh = i d rain (1+ r 11/( r 12+ r 13)), under current al m t hreshold = i ucth = i d rain (1- r 12/( r 12+ r 13)) , where r 12+ r 13 should always be equal to 5 k? (%1 accuracy) t hreshold values possess a small built-in hysterisis. t he condition of al m signal does not effect the operation of h mc980. i t is provided only for monitoring purposes. for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 15 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent power-up and e nable s equencing t o ensure the safety of the external amplifer, the h mc980 provides an automatic power-up sequence for enabling the active bias control loop. during start-up vd rain and vg2 are kept at g n d while vg ate is taken to the most nega - tive supply available (vg ate =v ne g). t his ensures that external amplifer is completely pinched-off before vd rain is applied. when en signal is received, vd rain is applied and the active bias loop is enabled. a fter the vd rain is applied, vg2 is generated. t he power-up sequence is completed by increasing the vg ate linearly until the set i d rain value is reached. for power-down and disabling, the same sequencing is applied in the reverse order. daisy- c hain o peration h mc980 produces a trigger out signal ( tri g o u t pad#19) when the quiscent current is in regulation. t his trigger signal can be used to enable additional h mc980 chips in a chain of amplifers. t he triggering sequence can be routed in any way, from input to output, or from output to input depending on the use. figure-2 shows a sample use of three h mc980s in an amplifcation chain. p lease note that, only one of the h mc980 (in master mode) is used to generate the negative voltage and the remaining h mc980 (in slave mode) is set to receive external negative voltage (which is provided from the master depletion mode h mc980). generating negative voltage from a single h mc980 reduces the number of the components in the system, and decreases the over all current consumption. p lease note that, to ensure proper start-up, the system enable signal should be applied to the depletion master mode device that has the negative voltage generator. over current set current under current alarm figure 1. current alarm behavior for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 16 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent figure 2. daisy chain operation o peration modes h mc980 can be confgured to bias both enhancement and depletion mode external amplifers. t he mode of operation can be selected by setting two pads (v ne gfb, vg ate fb) as tabulated in t able-2. t he connection to the v ne g in should be adjusted accordingly. i n order not to bias external amplifer in a wrong region, please make sure that the correct mode of operation is selected before powering up the h mc980. t he h mc980 does not allow the internal negative voltage generator to work if an enhancement mode is selected. t herefore, if v ne gfb is left foating while vg ate fb is grounded, h mc980 will stay in standby mode. p lease note that in depletion slave mode the external negative voltage should be between -2.3v to -3.5v for h mc980 to operate. i f your application requires negative voltages outside this range please contact h ittite application support. t able 2. mode s election vne gfb vg ate fb vne gin description mode1 (depletion/master mode) f loat f lo at connected to vne gout depletion mode transistor. i nternal negative voltage generator is active and generates -2.5v. s ample application schematic given shown in fig.3a. mode2 (depletion/s lave mode) g nd f lo at connected to e xternal vss depletion mode transistor. i nternal negative voltage generator is disabled. a n external negative voltage less than -2.3v should be connected to v ne gin . s ample application schematic given shown in fig.3b. --- f loat gnd n/a n ot allowed. h mc980 stays in standby. mode3 (enhancement mode) g nd gnd connected to gnd e nhancement mode transistor. i nternal negative voltage generator is disabled. s ample application schematic given shown in fig.3c. for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 17 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent figure 3a. depletion/master mode amplifer typical application circuit (mode 1) figure 3b. depletion/slave mode amplifer typical application circuit (mode 2) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 18 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent figure 3c. enhancement mode amplifer typical application circuit (mode 3) t able 3 - l ist of bias s ettings for v arious hittite amplifers hittite part number vdrain (v) vdd (v) idrain (ma) rsense (kohm) r4 (kohm) r3 (kohm) vg2 (v) s1 s0 gain blocks & drivers hmc-auh256 5 5.83 295 0.508 open open - gnd gnd lnas hmc-alh435 5 5.08 30 5.000 6.13 5 1. 5 gnd gnd hmc-alh444 5 5.15 55 2.727 5.95 5 1. 5 gnd gnd hmc490 5 5.56 200 0.750 open open - gnd gnd hmc490lp5 5 5.56 200 0.750 open open - gnd gnd hmc594 6 6.28 100 1.500 open open - gnd gnd hmc594lc3b 6 6.28 100 1.500 open open - gnd gnd hmc609 6 6.48 170 0.882 open open - gnd gnd hmc609lc4 6 6.48 170 0.882 open open - gnd gnd hmc753lp4e 5 5.15 55 2.727 5.95 5 1. 5 gnd gnd linear & power hmc-abh209 5 5.22 80 1.875 open open - gnd gnd hmc-abh264 5 5.34 120 1.250 open open - gnd gnd hmc442 5 5.24 85 1.765 open open - gnd gnd hmc442lc3b 5 5.24 84 1.786 open open - gnd gnd for biasing h ittite amplifers compatable with h mc980 refer to the t able 3, where values of the external components are provided on typical application circuit shown in figure 3a. for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 19 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent hittite part number vdrain (v) vdd (v) idrain (ma) rsense (kohm) r4 (kohm) r3 (kohm) vg2 (v) s1 s0 hmc442lm1 5 5.24 85 1.765 open open - gnd gnd hmc499 5 5.56 200 0.750 open open - gnd gnd hmc499lc4 5 5.56 200 0.750 open open - gnd gnd hmc-abh241 5 5.62 220 0.682 open open - gnd gnd hmc-aph403 5 5.74 475 0.316 open open - gnd vdig hmc-aph460 5 5.77 900 0.167 open open - vdig gnd hmc-aph462 5 6.22 1440 0.104 open open - vdig gnd hmc-aph473 5 5.92 1080 0.139 open open - vdig gnd hmc-aph478 5 5.77 900 0.167 open open - vdig gnd hmc-aph510 5 5.99 640 0.234 open open - gnd vdig hmc-aph518 5 5.81 950 0.158 open open - vdig gnd hmc-aph596 5 6.12 400 0.375 open open - gnd gnd hmc-aph608 5 5.81 950 0.158 open open - vdig gnd hmc486 7 8.11 1300 0.115 open open - vdig gnd hmc486lp5 / hmc486lp5e 7 8.11 1300 0.115 open open - vdig gnd hmc487lp5 / hmc487lp5e 7 8.11 1300 0.115 open open - vdig gnd hmc489lp5 / hmc489lp5e 7 8.11 1300 0.115 open open - vdig gnd hmc498 5 5.70 250 0.600 open open - gnd gnd hmc498lc4 5 5.70 250 0.600 open open - gnd gnd hmc590 7 7.70 820 0.183 open open - vdig gnd hmc590lp5 / hmc590lp5e 7 7.70 820 0.183 open open - vdig gnd hmc591 7 8.14 1340 0.112 open open - vdig gnd hmc591lp5 / hmc591lp5e 7 8.14 1340 0.112 open open - vdig gnd hmc592 7 8.16 750 0.200 open open - gnd vdig hmc608lc4 5 5.87 310 0.484 open open - gnd gnd hmc693 5 6.24 800 0.188 open open - gnd vdig hmc756 7 8.22 790 0.190 open open - gnd vdig hmc757 7 8.11 395 0.380 open open - gnd gnd hmc757lp4e 5 6.12 400 0.375 open open - gnd gnd hmc863 6 7.05 375 0.400 open open - gnd gnd hmc863lp4e 6 7.05 375 0.400 open open - gnd gnd hmc864 6 7. 1 6 750 0.200 open open - gnd vdig hmc906 6 7.02 1200 0.125 open open - vdig gnd hmc943lp5e 5.5 6.52 1200 0.125 open open - vdig gnd hmc949 7 8.02 1200 0.125 open open - vdig gnd hmc965lp5e 6 7.02 1200 0.125 open open - vdig gnd hmc968 6 6.77 900 0.167 open open - vdig gnd hmc969 6 6.77 900 0.167 open open - vdig gnd wideband (distributed) hmc-auh232 5 5.50 180 0.833 5.18 5 1. 5 gnd gnd hmc-auh249 5 5.56 200 0.750 5.07 5 1. 5 gnd gnd hmc-auh312 8 8.17 60 2.500 3.06 5 1. 8 gnd gnd t able 3 - l ist of bias s ettings for v arious hittite amplifers (continued) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com
bias controllers - chip 20 hmc980 v00.0312 active bi a s c ontroller high c urrent hittite part number vdrain (v) vdd (v) idrain (ma) rsense (kohm) r4 (kohm) r3 (kohm) vg2 (v) s1 s0 hmc460 8 8.17 60 2.500 open open - gnd gnd hmc460lc5 8 8.21 75 2.000 open open - gnd gnd hmc463 5 5.17 60 2.500 open open - gnd gnd hmc463lh250 5 5.17 60 2.500 open open - gnd gnd hmc463lp5 5 5.17 60 2.500 open open - gnd gnd hmc465 8 8.45 160 0.938 2.48 5 1. 5 gnd gnd hmc465lp5 8 8.45 160 0.938 2.48 5 1. 5 gnd gnd hmc562 8 8.22 80 1.875 open open - gnd gnd hmc633 5 5.50 180 0.833 open open - gnd gnd hmc633lc4 5 5.50 180 0.833 open open - gnd gnd hmc634 5 5.50 180 0.833 open open - gnd gnd hmc634lc4 5 5.50 180 0.833 open open - gnd gnd hmc-930 10 10.49 175 0.857 4.22 5 3.5 gnd gnd hmc-459 8 8.81 290 0.517 4.77 5 3 gnd gnd hmc-464 8 8.81 290 0.517 4.77 5 3 gnd gnd hmc464lp5 / hmc464lp5e 8 8.81 290 0.517 4.77 5 3 gnd gnd hmc559 10 11. 1 2 400 0.375 4.55 5 4 gnd gnd hmc619 12 12.84 300 0.500 4.82 5 5 gnd gnd hmc619lp5 / hmc619lp5e 12 12.84 300 0.500 4.82 5 5 gnd gnd hmc635 5 5.78 280 0.536 open open - gnd gnd hmc635lc4 5 5.78 280 0.536 open open - gnd gnd hmc637 12 13.12 400 0.375 6.27 5 6 gnd gnd hmc637lp5 / hmc637lp5e 12 13.12 400 0.375 4.62 5 5 gnd gnd hmc659 8 8.84 300 0.500 4.74 5 3 gnd gnd hmc659lc5 8 8.84 300 0.500 4.74 5 3 gnd gnd hmc797 10 11. 1 2 400 0.375 3.80 5 3.5 gnd gnd hmc797lp5e 10 11. 1 2 400 0.375 3.80 5 3.5 gnd gnd microwave & optical drivers hmc870lc5 7 7.46 165 0.909 open open - gnd gnd hmc871lc5 8 8.21 75 2.000 open open - gnd gnd t able 3 - l ist of bias s ettings for v arious hittite amplifers (continued) for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com

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